Ubukire bw’igihugu bushobora guhindagurika bitewe n’impamvu zitandukanye zirimo imitegekere mu bijyanye n’ubukungu, ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga, isimburanwa ku butegetsi n’ibindi.
Ubwo bukire bupimwa hashingiwe ahanini ku gusuzuma umusaruro mbumbe rusange w’Igihugu (GDP); ni ukuvuga agaciro kose k’ibicuruzwa na serivisi bikorerwa mu mbibi zacyo. Hari n’abapima ubwo bukire ariko bashingiye ku musaruro mbumbe kuri buri muntu (GDP Per Capita). Birumvikana icyo gihe urutonde rushobora guhinduka bitewe n’uko ubukungu rusange buba bugereranwa n’umubare w’abaturage batuye igihugu runaka.
Dukurikije igipimo cy’Umusaruro Mbumbe Rusange w’Igihugu (GDP) nk’uko cyasobanuwe haruguru, uru ni urutonde rw’ibihugu 10 bya mbere bikize cyane kurusha ibindi ku isi nk’uko bigaragazwa n’ikegeranyo cyakozwe na Banki y’Isi:
- Leta zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (USA)
Leta zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (USA) ni igihugu giherereye muri Amerika ya ruguru, kigizwe na Leta 50 zishyize hamwe. Umurwa mukuru wacyo ni Washington DC. Ni cyo gihugu gihagaze ku mwanya wa mbere ku rutonde rw’ibihugu bikize cyane kurusha ibindi ku isi hamwe n’Umusaruro mbumbe rusange (GDP) w’amadolari miliyari 26,854. Umusaruro mbumbe kuri buri muntu (GDP Per Capita) ni $ 80.030; naho ubwiyongere bwa GDP buri mwaka ni 1, 6%.
Uyu mwanya wa mbere w’igihugu gikize kurusha ibindi ku isi Leta zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (USA) iwurambyeho kuva 1960 kugeza ubu. Iwukesha kuba ari igicumbi cy’ibigo by’imari byinshi bikomeye ku isi n’ imibereho rusange y’abaturage iri ku rwego rwo hejuru,
Kuri ibyo hiyongeraho amasoko y’imari n’imigabane ateye imbere cyane (nka New York Stock Exchange) ndetse n’ umutungo kamere w’igihugu hamwe n’umusaruro w’ibikomoka ku buhinzi bishyigikira ku buryo bugaragara iterambere ry’ubukungu.
- Ubushinwa
Ku mwanya wa kabiri ku rutonde rw’ibihugu bikize cyane kurusha ibindi isi haza igihugu cy’Ubushinwa hamwe n’Umusaruro mbumbe rusange (GDP) w’amadolari miliyari 19.734. Umusaruro mbumbe kuri buri muntu (GDP Per Capita) ni $ $ 13.720; naho ubwiyongere bwa GDP buri mwaka ni 5.2%. Ubushinwa buherereye ku mugabane wa Aziya bukagira umurwa mukuru witwa Beijing.
Ubukungu bwa kabiri ku isi nyuma ya USA, igihugu cy’Ubushinwa kibukesha uruhare runini gifite mubucuruzi mpuzamahanga bitewe n’inganda nyinshi kandi zikomeye.
Kugeza ubu Ubushinwa ni cyo gihugu kiza ku isonga mu kohereza ibicuruzwa byinshi mu mahanga, birimo ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, imashini, imyenda n’ibindi bicuruzwa by’ibanze nkenerwa mu kwihutisha iterambere.
- Ubuyapani
Ubuyapani na bwo ni cyo gihugu kiza ku mwanya wa kabiri ku rutonde rw’ibihugu bikize cyane kurusha ibindi isi hamwe n’Umusaruro mbumbe rusange (GDP) w’amadolari miliyari 4,430. Umusaruro mbumbe kuri buri muntu (GDP Per Capita) ni $35,390 naho ubwiyongere bwa GDP buri mwaka ni 1.3%. Ubuyapani na bwo buherereye ku mugabane wa Aziya ndetse buhana imbibi n’Ubushinwa. Umurwa mukuru w’Ubuyapani ni Tokyo.
Impamvu z’ingenzi zigira Ubuyapani igihugu cya gatatu gikize ku isi ni ubuhanga buhanitse mu ikoranabuhanga n’inganda Ubuyapani buzwiho dore ko ari cyo gihugu kiyoboye ibindi byose mu isi mu bijyanye n’inganda z’imodoka.
Ubuyapani kandi bwihagazeho mu bikorwaremezo bigezweho hamwe n’uburyo buhanitse bw’ubwikorezi.
- Ubudage
Umusaruro mbumbe rusange (GDP) w’amadolari miliyari 4,410, Umusaruro mbumbe kuri buri muntu (GDP Per Capita) ukaba $52,820 na GDP y’Ubudage igabanukaho 0.1% buri mwaka ni byo bishyira icyo gihugu ku mwanya wa kane mu bikize cyane ku isi. Ni igihugu giherereye i Burayi kikagira umurwa mukuru witwa Berlin.
Ubukungu bw’Ubudage bushingirye cyane ku kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga kubera ubuhanga buhanitse mu bijyanye n’inganda cyane cyane iz’ ubwubatsi, ibinyabiziga, imiti n’ibindi binyabutabire.
Abakozi bafite ubuhanga, umurava n’ubwitange bitangaje bafasha igihugu cyabo mu guhora bahanga udushya.
- Ubuhinde
Ku mwanya wa gatanu ku rutonde rw’ibihugu bikize cyane kurusha ibindi isi haza igihugu cy’Ubuhinde hamwe n’Umusaruro mbumbe (GDP) w’amadolari miliyari 3,730. Umusaruro mbumbe kuri buri muntu (GDP Per Capita) ni $2,610; naho ubwiyongere bwa GDP buri mwaka ni 5.9%. Ubuhinde buherereye muri Aziya n’umurwa mukuru wabwo ni New Delhi.
Kuba muri 2023 Ubuhinde bugeze ku mwanya wa gatanu mu bihugu bikize cyane kurusha ibindi ku isi ku bubikesha ubukungu burangwa n’ubudasa no kwaguka byihuse bishingiye ahanini n’iterambere rihambaye mu bijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga mu isakazabumenyi (Information Technology), ubuhinzi n’inganda.
Bitewe n’umubare munini w’abaturage bacyo, igihugu cy’Ubuhinde cyungukira cyane mu isoko rinini ry’imbere mu gihugu, abakozi bakiri bato kandi bafite ubumenyi bukataje mu ikoranabuhanga ndetse n’umubare w’abaturage bari mu cyiciro cy’abafite ubushobozi bugereranyije ugenda wiyongera.
Ibindi bihugu bitanu bikize cyane ku isi kurusha ibindi bikurikirana ku buryo bukurikira:
| N° | Igihugu | Umurwa mukuru | Umugabane | Umusaruro mbumbe rusange | Umusarururo mbumbe kuri buri muntu |
| 6. | Ubwongereza | London | Uburayi | Miliyari $3,159 | $46.31 |
| 7. | Ubufaransa | Paris | Uburayi | Miliyari $2,924 | $44.41 |
| 8. | Ubutaliyani | Roma | Uburayi | Miliyari $2,170 | $36.81 |
| 9. | Canada | Ottawa | Amerika ya Ruguru | Miliyari $2,090 | $52.72 |
| 10. | Brezil | Brasília | Amerika y’Epfo | Miliyari $2,080 | $9.67 |
Igihugu cyo ku mugabane wa Afurika kiza hafi ku rutonde rw’ibihugu bikize cyane kurusha ibindi ku isi ni Nijeriya ifite umwanya wa 20 ku rutonde rusange. Umusaruro mbumbe rusange (GDP) wa Nigeria ifite umurwa mukuru witwa Abuja ubarirwa mu madolari miliyari 390.
Jean Bosco MUNYANDINDA